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Advancements in Skin Cancer Surgery: A Comprehensive Review

Niimi Chieko

Skin cancer is a common and significant public health concern, with increasing incidence rates worldwide. Surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment for skin cancer, offering high cure rates and improved patient outcomes. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the advancements in skin cancer surgery, including the latest techniques, technologies, and management strategies. The first section of this review discusses the various types of skin cancer, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma, emphasizing their epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical manifestations. Subsequently, an in-depth examination of surgical treatment options is presented, encompassing both conventional and innovative techniques. Traditional surgical modalities, such as excisional surgery and Mohs micrographic surgery, are explored, highlighting their efficacy in achieving complete tumor removal while preserving healthy surrounding tissue. Moreover, recent advancements in surgical techniques, including minimally invasive procedures, laser surgery, and electrochemotherapy, are reviewed, focusing on their advantages, limitations, and clinical outcomes. In addition to surgical techniques, the role of adjuvant therapies in skin cancer management is discussed. This includes the utilization of topical and systemic agents, such as immunomodulatory agents and targeted therapies, in conjunction with surgical intervention to enhance treatment efficacy and prevent disease recurrence. Furthermore, this review sheds light on the emerging field of reconstructive surgery in skin cancer management. It elucidates the principles of reconstructive techniques, such as primary closure, skin grafts, flaps, and tissue expanders, highlighting their application in achieving optimal cosmetic and functional outcomes following tumor excision. Lastly, the review provides insights into the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in skin cancer care, emphasizing the role of dermatologists, surgeons, pathologists, oncologists, and other healthcare professionals in delivering comprehensive and individualized treatment plans for patients. In conclusion, this comprehensive review highlights the significant advancements in skin cancer surgery, encompassing a wide range of surgical techniques, adjuvant therapies, and reconstructive procedures. Understanding and implementing these advancements in clinical practice can optimize patient outcomes, minimize disease recurrence, and improve the overall management of skin cancer.