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Choon Chiet Hong and Ken Jin Tan
Advanced ankle arthritis is a disabling chronic condition associated with severe pain, deformity, disruption of physical function and quality of life. Ankle arthrodesis has long been used as a successful treatment for advanced ankle arthritis. Total ankle replacement is a fast growing alternative to arthrodesis as it preserves joint mobility and function with good pain relief. Longer term outcome studies showing better survival rates with improved implant and instrumentation designs further fuel this revival of interest in total ankle replacement. This article reviews the evolution of total ankle replacement implants and instrumentation in addressing the various challenges in ankle replacement.