疼痛与缓解杂志

抽象的

Aetiology, Diagnosis and Management of Premenstrual Syndrome

Khajehei M*

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a combination of physical and emotional disturbances that occur after a woman ovulates and ends with menstruation. More than 200 symptoms have been known as the symptoms of PMS. About 20-80% of women of reproductive age experience these disturbing symptoms. A more severe form of PMS, known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), occurs in a smaller number of women (2-6%) and leads to significant loss of function because of unusually severe symptoms. Biological, psychological, environmental and social factors all seem to play a role in the onset of PMS. Several diagnostic tools and approaches have been suggested to facilitate the recognition of the PMS. A thorough medical history should be obtained and careful physical and pelvic examinations should be conducted. In addition, having a menstrual diary can help better diagnose the onset and end date of the symptoms. Although there seems to be no ultimate cure for PMS, there are many options available to better manage the signs and symptoms.