分子药剂学与有机过程研究杂志

抽象的

Alternatives to Animal Procedures in Drug Development

Eleonore Frohlich

Drug discovery identifies new candidates for medications and drug development aims to deliver the efficient active pharmaceutical ingredient to the target side without causing adverse effects. In drug development animal studies usually represent an integrative part of the testing. In the past, animal procedures helped in salient discoveries of new drugs. Von Behring generated diphtheria and tetanus antitoxins in horses, Banting and Macleod identified the effect of insulin in dogs, Fleming tested penicillin in rats and Waksman verified the efficacy of streptomycin in chicken