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Tomoko Nakagawa*, Yoshio Nagai and Yasushi Tanaka
The etiology and pathology of type 2 diabetes are insufficient insulin action, which involves an increase in insulin resistance due to environmental factors and/or a decrease in insulin secretion mainly due to genetic factors. Glucagon is secreted from alpha cells of the pancreas as a hormone that antagonizes the action of insulin. Abnormal glucagon secretion is also thought to be a factor in raising blood glucose levels. In normal glucose tolerance, when insulin secretion from β cells increases in response to an increase in blood glucose level, the insulin suppresses glucagon secretion from α cells in paracrine manner.