Epidemiology: Open Access

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Association of Prediabetes and Diabetes Mellitus with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Japanese Urban Workers and their Families: A Cross-Sectional Study

Tsukasa Namekata, Kohji Shirai, Mitsuko Nakata, Kenji Suzuki, Chikao Arai and Norio Ishizuka

Purpose:
The purposes of the study were to examine prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus (here after called diabetes) and to examine the association of prediabetes and diabetes with cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors among Japanese urban workers and their families.

Methods:
Subjects were 9881 men and 12033 women of company employees and their families between 17 and 87 years of age who participated in cardiovascular disease screening in major cities, Japan. Persons having diabetes were defined as those taking medication of diabetes and/or having medical history of diabetes and/or whose fasting plasma glucose was equal to or higher than 126 mg/dl and/or whose hemoglobinA1c was equal to or higher than 6.5%. Persons with prediabetes were defined as those whose fasting plasma glucose was from 100 mg/dl to 125 mg/dl and/or whose hemoglobin A1c was from 5.7% to 6.4% excluding persons defined as having diabetes. In addition to descriptive analysis, logistic regression method was applied to examine the association of prediabetes and diabetes with CVD risk factors.

Results:
There were 2001 (20.3%) men and 2756 (22.9%) women with prediabetes, whereas 678 (6.9%) men and 330 (2.7%) women were identified as having diabetes. Significant odds ratios (ORs) of prediabetes and diabetes were observed in association with age, hypertension, triglycerides >200 m/dl and BMI >25 in both genders. Significant ORs of prediabetes and diabetes appeared in low HDL-C (<40 mg/dl), ex-smokers and smokers among men but not among women, except significant OR of diabetes in ex-smokers. Among women negatively significant ORs of prediabetes and diabetes were found in drinkers <4 times/week but not among men except 0.73 of OR for those with diabetes drinking >5 times/week.

Conclusions:
Our results confirmed that prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes increased with advancing age and that prediabetes and diabetes share almost the same CVD risk factors.