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Cervical Cancer: Causes, Detection, Prevention, and Treatment

Jashvant Shen

Cervical cancer is a significant public health concern worldwide, with approximately 570,000 new cases and 311,000 deaths reported annually. This paper provides an extensive overview of cervical cancer, covering its epidemiology, risk factors, etiology, screening methods, prevention strategies, and treatment options. The aim is to enhance the understanding of this disease and promote awareness to reduce its global burden.

Cervical cancer is a significant public health concern with a substantial global burden, particularly affecting women in developing countries. This paper provides an overview of cervical cancer, focusing on its epidemiology, risk factors, prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. Cervical cancer is primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types. Efforts to reduce cervical cancer incidence and mortality have centered on HPV vaccination and cervical screening programs, including Pap smears and HPV testing. Early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions significantly reduce the burden of this disease.

The paper also discusses emerging technologies, such as liquid-based cytology and molecular testing, which offer improved sensitivity and specificity in cervical cancer screening. Additionally, we delve into advancements in the treatment of cervical cancer, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Multidisciplinary approaches that combine these modalities are essential to ensure optimal patient outcomes.