胃肠道和消化系统

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Digestive Diseases 2020: Probiotics and central nervous system - Prakash S Bisen - Jiwaji University

Prakash S Bisen

There has been a lot of research about the human microbes, some detailed investigations of the gastrointestinal microorganisms and its functions, and the highlighting of complex interactions between the gut, the gut micro biome, and the central nervous system. That acquires the involvement of the micro biome in the pathogenesis of various diseases. The gut micro biota is sensitive to internal and environmental influences, we have speculated that among the factors that influence the formation and composition of gut micro biota during life. Micro biome in human system is unequally distributed in the body and includes the aggregate of all microorganisms.

The most abundant micro biome in our body is gastrointestinal track. Which contain number of species of different microorganisms, among them (adults) Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes are dominate. The gastrointestinal micro biota is well studied than other in ameliorating the altered CNS functions in patients. The review aims at giving a comprehensive analysis of the studies performed on animals and humans and discusses the findings in different neurological and psychiatric disorders human bacterial communities. There are studies have shown that, how exactly the intestinal micro biota has an impact on the health of its host.

Human gastrointestinal tract showed biggest associations of host, environments, and antigens. During the average human lifetime, tons of food transfer through the gut, with complex of microorganisms from the ambient environment, which poses threat on the intestinal entirety. Gut micro Probiotic strains have shown beneficial treatment outcomes as evidenced in various animal and human studies. Although numerous articles have highlighted the role of gut microbiota and its cross-talk with human brain in modulating Central Nervous System biome play a pivotal role in keeping up the resistance and the metabolic homeostasis effective and are protect obsessive-compulsive disorder, and memory abilities, including spatial and non-spatial memory. Because many of the basic science studies showed some efficacy of probiotics on central nervous system function, this background may guide and promote further preclinical and clinical studies against pathogenic microbes. Gut micro biota is a crucial modulator of brain development and subsequent adult behavior, and pathogenic microbes can be a reason of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. Epidemiological research has been shown a link between microbial infections early in life and neurological disorders, including autism and schizophrenia.  The gut microbes can change the immune response by activating the immune system or through mediators that are able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or through other chemicals-related substances that have free access to the brain.

The Probiotics microbes offers numerous bonuses to the host, due to physiological capacities such as harvesting energy, strengthening gut integrity or shaping the intestinal epithelium protecting against pathogens and modulating host immune system. Research showed that, Microorganisms which live inside our gut are the article also highlights different mechanisms through which the probiotic bacteria operate in improving neurologic manifestations or decreasing the incidence of neurological disorders. These underlying mechanisms include both direct as well as indirect pathways beneficial for the proper development of the central nervous system, for brain response and the regulation of host physiology, the ecosystem in the human gut is divers, there is potential for these processes to be disordered because of a changed microbial composition, which can be improved by daily up take of probiotics

The Probiotics microbes the potential of probiotics as an important dietary modification as well as a useful intervention therapy with preventive and therapeutic value for the target population holds strong. However, future evaluation into formulation designing, selecting the best probiotic strain(s) for each specific disease and safety and tolerability aspects in patients’ needs to be considered offers numerous bonuses to the host, due to physiological the need to investigate newer and safer intervention therapies with prophylactic and/or therapeutic effects is well understood. Probiotics have recently been shown to hold promise as an intervention option that warrants future work capacities such as harvesting energy, Anxiety, Major Depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, cognitive impairments etc. However, future evaluation into formulation designing, selecting the best probiotic strain(s) for each specific disease and safety and tolerability aspects in patients’ needs to be considered strengthening gut integrity or shaping the intestinal epithelium, protecting against pathogens and modulating host immune system.