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Nathan Yang, Sennett Yang and Laurel Schwartz
Pharmaceutical companies have developed effective vaccines to prevent certain HPV infections and their associated diseases. However, these vaccine products are not for clearing the persistent HPV infections or curing pre-existing conditions. The unmet needs to treat the diseases, especially cancers, caused by persistent HPV infections remain urgent. Thus, the pharmaceutical industry and multiple medical institutions have invested into developing medications of different modalities, such as viruses, stem cells, T-cells, gene therapies, DNAs, antibodies, antigens, and more. These emerging therapies are the focus of this review.