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Liang Hu and Michael J. Serpe
Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) is one of the most completely studied “smart” polymers due to its unique reversible thermoresponsivity. That is, when pNIPAm in water is heated > ~31°C, it transits from a random coil to a globule conformation; this transition is reversed when T < ~31°C. This conformational change is accompanied by water exchange process. When pNIPAm undergoes the coil to globule transition, water is expelled, while water is “sorbed” when the polymer undergoes the opposite process.