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Shuofeng Yuan
Changes in bacterial phenotype associated with virulence were observed following exposure to e-cig vapour. In some cases the observed phenotypic changes were less than those observed with cigarette smoke-exposed bacteria.However, in general, there was little difference in the effect on exposure of bacteria to cigarette smoke or e-cig vapour,with exposure to either resulting in increased virulence and inflammatory potential of the bacterial isolates.